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DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION
Dissolved air flotation
(DAF) is an increasingly applied technology for particle removal
in water and wastewater treatment. In DAF tiny air bubbles
attach to the particles, which float to the surface, forming
flocs which can be periodically removed to a sludge channel.
The process is used to clarify wastewaters
(or other waters) by the removal of suspended matter such as oil
or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the
water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at
atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank or basin. The released
air forms tiny bubbles which adhere to the suspended matter
causing the suspended matter to float to the surface of the
water where it may then be removed by a skimming device
The technique
originated in the early 1900s, but has steadily widened its
application across municipal and industrial water and wastewater
treatment, earning a reputation for reliability, controllability
and effectiveness. This method of treatment is mainly used on
effluents containing free or emulsified oils, fats and grease
and fine particles in suspension. Such wastes can block
pipelines and sewers and are undesirable to the Water Services
as they can cause problems in the biological treatment systems.
Many types of
food production effluents are difficult to treat without first
removing the oils, fats and grease concentrations.
Some examples of which are; ABATTOIRS, WHITE & RED MEAT
PROCESSING PLANTS, FISH, READY MEALS, MAYONNAISE, BATTERED
FOODSTUFFS, SAUCES, OIL BASED DRESSINGS, SCOTCH EGGS, and
CHEESE.

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The white water unit is used to mix free atmospheric air and
water under pressure to form a saturated solution, which is
characterised by its milky appearance. A separate supply of
compressed air is not required.
Water is drawn from the quiescent area in the solids free zone
of the DAF cell and a pump with a venturi design delivers the
flow to the holding vessel. A diaphragm valve on the discharge
side of the white water unit controls the pressure.
Any free air that has not been saturated with water is
continually bled off and is discharged above the water level in
the DAF cell, ensuring that the holding vessel remains full at
all times. As the white water is fed back into the DAF cell it
is mixed with the incoming flow in a lower pressure zone,
allowing very fine air bubbles to form.
(See diagram on left)
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